Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 1, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.You may use a scientific calculator.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja bagi setiap soalan. [20 markah]Answer all questions. Choose only one answer for each question. [20 marks]
1
Sebuah lori tangki membawa petrol ke stesen minyak di tengah bandar. Simbol bahaya manakah yang perlu dipamerkan pada tangki lori itu?A tanker lorry carries petrol to a petrol station in the city centre. Which hazard symbol should be displayed on the tank of the lorry?
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B
Petrol easily vaporises and catches fire, so it carries the flammable symbol (textbook Figure 1.7 gives alcohol and petrol as examples). A is corrosive, C is toxic and D is explosive.
2
Seorang juruteknik mengukur diameter sebatang bolt basikal dengan menggunakan angkup vernier. Rajah 1 menunjukkan bacaan angkup vernier itu. Berapakah diameter bolt itu?A technician measures the diameter of a bicycle bolt using a pair of vernier calipers. Diagram 1 shows the reading. What is the diameter of the bolt?
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C
Main scale: the vernier zero is just after 1.4 cm, so 1.40 cm. Vernier scale: line 7 coincides, so 7 × 0.01 = 0.07 cm. Reading = 1.40 + 0.07 = 1.47 cm.
3
Seorang mekanik membaca skala meter analog di sebuah bengkel kereta. Mengapakah matanya perlu berada pada kedudukan berserenjang dengan skala?A mechanic reads the scale of an analogue meter in a car workshop. Why must his eye be perpendicular to the scale?
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A
Reading a scale at an angle gives a parallax error. The eye must be perpendicular to the scale to avoid it. Zero error is a fault in the instrument itself, not in how it is read.
4
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu sel daun daripada pokok di taman bandar. Apakah struktur Q dan fungsinya?Diagram 2 shows a leaf cell from a tree in a city park. What is structure Q and its function?
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D
Q is a green chloroplast. It contains chlorophyll and absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. P is the nucleus, R the vacuole and S the cell wall.
5
Pokok-pokok ditanam di sepanjang jalan raya di bandar. Pernyataan manakah yang betul tentang pokok itu pada waktu tengah hari yang cerah?Trees are planted along the roads in a city. Which statement about the trees at noon on a sunny day is correct?
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C
Cell respiration occurs at all times, and photosynthesis occurs when there is light (Table 2.1). At noon both happen, and photosynthesis produces oxygen that is released into the air.
6
Antara berikut, sistem manakah yang terlibat dalam kawal atur kandungan air dalam badan manusia?Which of the following systems are involved in regulating the water content of the human body?
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B
The excretory system (kidneys) and the endocrine system (hormones from the brain) regulate the water content of the body.
7
Seorang anggota polis trafik mengawal lalu lintas di tengah panas selama tiga jam. Antara berikut, yang manakah berlaku dalam badannya?A traffic policeman directs traffic under the hot sun for three hours. Which of the following happens in his body?
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D
On a hot day the body loses heat: blood vessels dilate, more sweat is produced, and less urine is produced because water is lost as sweat (Figure 3.3).
8
Seorang petani bandar menanam biji benih kacang hijau di atas bumbung rumah kedai. Bahagian manakah dalam biji benih itu yang akan berkembang menjadi akar?An urban farmer plants green bean seeds on the roof of a shophouse. Which part of the seed develops into the root?
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A
The radicle is the part of the embryo that develops into the root. The plumule becomes the shoot, the cotyledon stores food and the testa protects the seed (Table 4.7).
9
Sebuah makmal bioteknologi menghasilkan beribu-ribu anak pokok pisang dalam masa yang singkat melalui kultur tisu. Pernyataan manakah yang betul tentang anak-anak pokok itu?A biotechnology laboratory produces thousands of banana plantlets in a short time by tissue culture. Which statement about the plantlets is correct?
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C
Tissue culture is asexual reproduction: one parent, no fertilisation, and the new plants are genetically identical to the parent with no variation.
10
Puan Aida mempunyai kitar haid yang tetap selama 28 hari. Haidnya bermula pada 3 Mei. Antara tarikh berikut, bilakah fasa suburnya?Puan Aida has a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. Her menstruation starts on 3 May. Between which dates is her fertile phase?
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B
Day 1 is 3 May. The fertile phase is day 12 to day 17. Day 12 = 3 + 11 = 14 May and day 17 = 3 + 16 = 19 May. (3–7 May is menstruation, 8–13 May is the repair phase.)
11
Asap ekzos kenderaan mengandungi gas. Pernyataan manakah yang betul tentang zarah-zarah dalam suatu gas?Vehicle exhaust contains gases. Which statement about the particles in a gas is correct?
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D
In a gas the space between particles is large; the particles are far apart and move freely and randomly, colliding with one another (Figure 5.8). A describes a solid and B a liquid.
12
Pepejal X dipanaskan di sebuah kilang untuk membuat cat garisan jalan raya. Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi X. Mengapakah suhu X tidak berubah dari K hingga L?Solid X is heated in a factory to make road-marking paint. Diagram 3 shows the graph of temperature against time for X. Why does the temperature of X stay the same from K to L?
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A
From K to L, X is melting at its melting point (80 °C). Heat is still absorbed but it is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, so the temperature stays constant. Mass stays the same during a physical change.
13
Antara bahan berikut yang digunakan dalam sebuah telefon pintar, yang manakah suatu unsur?Which of the following materials used in a smartphone is an element?
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C
Copper is an element: it is made of only one type of atom. Water is a compound; glass and plastic are made of more than one element.
14
Air buangan dari sebuah pusat cucian kereta mengandungi minyak enjin yang terapung di atas air. Kaedah manakah yang paling sesuai untuk mengasingkan minyak itu daripada air?Waste water from a car wash contains engine oil floating on the water. Which method is most suitable for separating the oil from the water?
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B
Oil has a lower density than water and does not dissolve in it, so it floats. The floatation method (for example with a separating funnel) separates them.
15
Rajah 4 menunjukkan komposisi udara. Apakah gas X dan satu kegunaannya?Diagram 4 shows the composition of air. What is gas X and one of its uses?
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A
Air is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Oxygen is used for respiration (and combustion). Carbon dioxide and the inert gases make up less than 1%.
16
Majlis bandar raya ingin mengurangkan pencemaran udara daripada kenderaan di pusat bandar. Rancangan manakah yang paling berkesan?The city council wants to reduce air pollution from vehicles in the city centre. Which plan is the most effective?
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D
Fewer and cleaner vehicles mean less exhaust (smoke, carbon monoxide). The textbook lists public transport, car pooling, cycling and hybrid technology as ways to control air pollution. A and B bring more cars in; C adds smoke.
17
Perkataan AMBULANS ditulis secara terbalik di bahagian hadapan sebuah ambulans. Mengapakah hal ini dilakukan?The word AMBULANCE is written in reverse on the front of an ambulance. Why is this done?
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B
A plane mirror gives a laterally inverted image. Drivers in front see the reversed word the right way round in their mirrors and give way. The image is virtual, not real.
18
Langit di atas bandar kelihatan kemerahan pada waktu senja. Apakah sebabnya?The sky above the city looks reddish at sunset. What is the reason?
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C
At sunset, sunlight travels a long way through the atmosphere. Blue light is scattered away, while red and orange light are scattered less and reach our eyes.
19
Satelit komunikasi membolehkan kita membuat panggilan telefon dan menonton siaran televisyen. Di lapisan atmosfera manakah satelit ini mengorbit Bumi?Communication satellites let us make phone calls and watch television broadcasts. In which layer of the atmosphere do these satellites orbit the Earth?
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A
Communication satellites orbit in the exosphere (480 km and above), as shown in Figure 9.1.
20
Pekerja binaan menjumpai fosil kerang di dalam batuan yang berlapis-lapis semasa menggali terowong kereta api bawah tanah. Apakah jenis batuan itu?Construction workers find fossils of shells in a layered rock while digging a tunnel for an underground railway. What type of rock is it?
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D
Sedimentary rock is formed by compression of deposited materials; it has many layers and may contain fossils (Table 9.1). Igneous rock forms from cooled magma, so it has no fossils.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. [20 markah]Answer all questions. [20 marks]
21
Rajah 5 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan jirim. P, Q, R, S dan T mewakili proses-proses yang berlaku.Diagram 5 shows changes in the state of matter. P, Q, R, S and T represent the processes involved.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan proses P.Name process P.
Show answerHide answer
Melting
P changes a solid into a liquid: melting.
[1 mark]
(b)Penjual aiskrim di pasar malam menggunakan ais kering. Ais kering berubah terus daripada pepejal kepada gas. Huruf manakah mewakili proses ini?An ice-cream seller at a night market uses dry ice. Dry ice changes directly from a solid into a gas. Which letter represents this process?
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T
T goes straight from solid to gas: sublimation, as with dry ice (Figure 5.19).
[1 mark]
(c)Titisan air terbentuk pada permukaan luar tin minuman sejuk di perhentian bas. Huruf manakah mewakili proses ini?Water droplets form on the outside of a cold drink can at a bus stop. Which letter represents this process?
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S
Water vapour in the air is cooled and changes into liquid water: condensation, gas to liquid, which is S.
[1 mark]
(d)Benar atau Palsu: Haba diserap semasa proses Q.True or False: Heat is absorbed during process Q.
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False
Q is freezing (liquid to solid). Heat is released, not absorbed.
22
Sebuah bandar besar mempunyai banyak sumber pencemaran udara. Pilih bahan pencemar utama bagi setiap sumber di (a), (b) dan (c).A big city has many sources of air pollution. Choose the main pollutant from each source in (a), (b) and (c).
[1 mark]
(a)Penghawa dingin dan peti sejuk lama di bangunan pejabatOld air-conditioners and refrigerators in office buildings
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Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
Air-conditioners, refrigerators and aerosol sprays release CFC (Figure 7.12).
[1 mark]
(b)Tapak pembinaan menara pejabatThe construction site of an office tower
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Dust
Construction sites release dust, soot and smoke.
[1 mark]
(c)Ekzos kenderaan dalam kesesakan lalu lintasVehicle exhaust in a traffic jam
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Carbon monoxide
Vehicle exhaust contains carbon monoxide (with smoke, soot, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide).
[1 mark]
(d)Benar atau Palsu: Memasang penukar bermangkin pada kenderaan membantu mengawal pencemaran udara.True or False: Fitting catalytic converters to vehicles helps to control air pollution.
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True
Catalytic converters are listed under science and technology ways to control air pollution (Figure 7.13(b)).
23
Rajah 6 menunjukkan kitar air di sebuah bandar di tepi laut. P, Q, R dan S mewakili proses-proses dalam kitar air.Diagram 6 shows the water cycle around a city by the sea. P, Q, R and S represent processes in the water cycle.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan proses P.Name process P.
Show answerHide answer
Evaporation
Sea water is evaporated by heat from the Sun and rises as water vapour.
[1 mark]
(b)Namakan proses Q yang membentuk awan.Name process Q, which forms the cloud.
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Condensation
Water vapour cools and condenses into tiny droplets that form clouds.
[1 mark]
(c)Air hujan meresap ke dalam tanah melalui S. Air ini disimpan sebagaiRain water seeps into the ground through S. This water is stored as
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underground water
Water that seeps into the ground fills the spaces between soil particles and permeable rocks as underground water (aquifer).
[1 mark]
(d)Benar atau Palsu: Jumlah air di Bumi, di permukaan Bumi dan di atmosfera sentiasa tetap.True or False: The total amount of water in the Earth, on its surface and in the atmosphere is always constant.
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True
The water cycle is continuous, so the total amount of water is always constant (textbook page 259).
24
Rajah 7 menunjukkan tiga jenis sel, P, Q dan R.Diagram 7 shows three types of cells, P, Q and R.
[1 mark]
(a)Apakah fungsi sel P?What is the function of cell P?
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Transports oxygen to all parts of the body
P is a red blood cell: a biconcave disc containing haemoglobin to transport oxygen.
[1 mark]
(b)Apakah fungsi sel Q?What is the function of cell Q?
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Carries information in the form of impulses
Q is a nerve cell with long fibres that carry information as impulses.
[1 mark]
(c)Apakah fungsi sel R?What is the function of cell R?
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Absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
R is a root hair cell; its long hair increases the surface area for absorbing water and nutrients.
[1 mark]
(d)Lengkapkan urutan organisasi sel berikut:
Sel → ________ → Organ → Sistem → OrganismaComplete the order of cell organisation:
Cell → ________ → Organ → System → Organism
Sel → ________ → Organ → Sistem → OrganismaComplete the order of cell organisation:
Cell → ________ → Organ → System → Organism
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- Tissue1
Tick each point you got.
25
Rajah 8 menunjukkan keratan membujur sekuntum bunga raya dari sebuah taman di atas bumbung bangunan.Diagram 8 shows a longitudinal section of a hibiscus flower from a rooftop garden.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan bahagian Q.Name part Q.
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Ovary
Q is the ovary, at the base of the pistil, containing the ovules.
[1 mark]
(b)Namakan bahagian S.Name part S.
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Sepal
S is the sepal, which is green and protects the flower in the bud stage.
[1 mark]
(c)Selepas persenyawaan, bahagian manakah akan berkembang menjadi biji benih?After fertilisation, which part develops into a seed?
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R
R is an ovule. After fertilisation the ovule in the ovary develops into a seed (page 127).
[1 mark]
(d)Benar atau Palsu: Bunga yang didebungakan oleh lebah biasanya mempunyai ranggi yang besar dan berwarna-warni, nektar dan bau yang wangi.True or False: Flowers pollinated by bees usually have big, colourful petals, nectar and a nice smell.
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True
Insect-pollinated flowers have big colourful petals, nectar and a nice smell to attract insects (Figure 4.29).
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. [60 markah]Answer all questions. [60 marks]
26
Sebuah pusat kitar semula sisa elektronik mengumpul logam dan bahan lain daripada telefon pintar lama. Rajah 9 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala. P, Q, R dan S ialah empat unsur. (Huruf-huruf itu bukan simbol sebenar unsur.)An e-waste recycling centre collects metals and other materials from old smartphones. Diagram 9 shows part of the Periodic Table. P, Q, R and S are four elements. (The letters are not the real symbols of the elements.)
[1 mark]
(a)Unsur manakah, P, Q, R atau S, ialah gas nadir?Which element, P, Q, R or S, is an inert gas?
Show answerHide answer
- S (it is in group 18)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Unsur Q digunakan untuk membuat dawai dalam kabel pengecas telefon. Nyatakan dua ciri Q yang menjadikannya sesuai untuk kegunaan ini.Element Q is used to make the wires in phone charger cables. State two characteristics of Q that make it suitable for this use.
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Any 2 points
- Good conductor of electricity1
- Ductile (can be drawn into wires / bends easily)1
- Strong / high tensile strength1
- Rustproof1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara unsur dengan sebatian.State one difference between an element and a compound.
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- An element has only one type of atom / cannot be broken into simpler substances, while a compound has two or more elements combined chemically1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Natrium klorida (garam) ialah sebatian yang terbentuk daripada unsur P dan R. Namakan kaedah yang dapat mengasingkan suatu sebatian kepada unsur-unsurnya.Sodium chloride (salt) is a compound formed from elements P and R. Name the method that can separate a compound into its elements.
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- Electrolysis (using electrical energy)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Air hujan yang dikumpul dari bumbung bangunan mengandungi pasir dan garam terlarut. Namakan kaedah untuk
(i) mengasingkan pasir daripada air hujan,
(ii) mendapatkan air tulen daripada air hujan itu.Rain water collected from the roofs of buildings contains sand and dissolved salts. Name the method to
(i) separate the sand from the rain water,
(ii) obtain pure water from the rain water.
(i) mengasingkan pasir daripada air hujan,
(ii) mendapatkan air tulen daripada air hujan itu.Rain water collected from the roofs of buildings contains sand and dissolved salts. Name the method to
(i) separate the sand from the rain water,
(ii) obtain pure water from the rain water.
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- (i) Filtration (sedimentation also accepted)1
- (ii) Distillation1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Pagar besi di tepi jalan berkarat selepas beberapa tahun. Adakah pengaratan suatu perubahan fizik atau perubahan kimia? Berikan satu sebab.An iron fence by the road rusts after a few years. Is rusting a physical change or a chemical change? Give one reason.
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- Chemical change, because a new substance (rust / iron oxide) is formed and it cannot be changed back easily1
Tick each point you got.
27
Mei Ling bekerja di makmal sebuah syarikat kejuruteraan. Dia menentukan ketumpatan seketul logam keluli daripada sebuah mesin dengan kaedah sesaran air. Jisim logam itu ialah 118.5 g. Rajah 10 menunjukkan aras air dalam silinder penyukat sebelum dan selepas logam itu dimasukkan.Mei Ling works in the laboratory of an engineering company. She determines the density of a piece of steel from a machine using the water displacement method. The mass of the steel is 118.5 g. Diagram 10 shows the water level in the measuring cylinder before and after the steel is lowered in.
[1 mark]
(a)Jisim logam itu diukur dengan neraca elektronik. Nyatakan unit S.I. bagi jisim.The mass of the steel is measured with an electronic balance. State the S.I. unit of mass.
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- Kilogram (kg)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Berdasarkan Rajah 10, hitung isi padu logam itu.Based on Diagram 10, calculate the volume of the steel.
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- Readings: initial 40 ml, final 55 ml1
- Volume = 55 − 40 = 15 cm³1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Hitung ketumpatan logam itu.Calculate the density of the steel.
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- Density = mass ÷ volume = 118.5 g ÷ 15 cm³1
- = 7.9 g cm⁻³1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Adakah logam itu akan terapung atau tenggelam di dalam air? Terangkan jawapan anda. (Ketumpatan air = 1.00 g cm⁻³)Will the steel float or sink in water? Explain your answer. (Density of water = 1.00 g cm⁻³)
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- Sink1
- Its density (7.9 g cm⁻³) is higher than the density of water (1.00 g cm⁻³)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Bagaimanakah kedudukan mata Mei Ling semasa membaca skala silinder penyukat supaya bacaannya tepat?How should Mei Ling position her eye when reading the scale of the measuring cylinder so that her reading is accurate?
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- Eye at the same level as the bottom of the water surface (meniscus) / perpendicular to the scale, to avoid parallax error1
Tick each point you got.
28
Sekumpulan murid ingin mengetahui mengapa pokok-pokok di tepi jalan memerlukan banyak air. Mereka menyediakan tiga pucuk berdaun, P, Q dan R, daripada pokok yang sama dengan bilangan daun yang berbeza. Setiap pucuk diletakkan di dalam silinder penyukat berisi 50.0 ml air, dan selapis minyak dituang di atas permukaan air. Ketiga-tiga silinder diletakkan di tepi tingkap yang sama selama 4 jam. Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas.A group of students want to find out why roadside trees need so much water. They prepare three leafy shoots, P, Q and R, from the same plant with different numbers of leaves. Each shoot is placed in a measuring cylinder containing 50.0 ml of water, and a layer of oil is poured onto the water surface. All three cylinders are placed by the same window for 4 hours. Diagram 11 shows the set-up of the apparatus.
| Pucuk / Shoot | Bilangan daun / Number of leaves | Bacaan akhir (ml) / Final reading (ml) |
|---|---|---|
| P | 12 | 44.0 |
| Q | 6 | 47.0 |
| R | 0 | 49.5 |
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan proses kehilangan air dalam bentuk wap air daripada daun.Name the process in which water is lost from the leaves as water vapour.
Show answerHide answer
- Transpiration1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Apakah fungsi lapisan minyak di atas permukaan air?What is the function of the layer of oil on the water surface?
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- To prevent water from evaporating from the water surface (so all water lost is through the shoot)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Hitung isi padu air yang hilang daripada silinder P.Calculate the volume of water lost from cylinder P.
Show answerHide answer
- 50.0 − 44.0 = 6.0 ml1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan
(i) pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
(ii) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State
(i) the manipulated variable,
(ii) the responding variable.
(i) pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
(ii) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State
(i) the manipulated variable,
(ii) the responding variable.
Show answerHide answer
- (i) Number of leaves1
- (ii) Volume of water lost / final reading of the water level1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi penyiasatan ini.State one hypothesis for this investigation.
Show answerHide answer
- The more leaves a shoot has, the more water is lost (the higher the rate of transpiration)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(f)Air hilang melalui liang seni pada daun. Namakan
(i) liang seni itu,
(ii) sel yang mengawal pembukaan dan penutupan liang seni itu.Water is lost through tiny pores on the leaves. Name
(i) the pores,
(ii) the cells that control the opening and closing of the pores.
(i) liang seni itu,
(ii) sel yang mengawal pembukaan dan penutupan liang seni itu.Water is lost through tiny pores on the leaves. Name
(i) the pores,
(ii) the cells that control the opening and closing of the pores.
Show answerHide answer
- (i) Stoma (stomata)1
- (ii) Guard cells1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(g)Pada waktu petang yang sangat panas di bandar, stoma pada daun pokok di tepi jalan tertutup. Terangkan kepentingan tindakan ini kepada pokok itu.On a very hot afternoon in the city, the stomata of roadside trees close. Explain why this is important to the trees.
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- Closing the stomata reduces the water lost / evaporated through transpiration1
- So the tree keeps its water content (homeostasis) and does not wither / die1
Tick each point you got.
29
Rajah 12 menunjukkan sinar laser dalam sistem keselamatan sebuah bank. Sinar itu dipantulkan oleh sebuah cermin satah ke arah pengesan.Diagram 12 shows a laser beam in the security system of a bank. The beam is reflected by a plane mirror towards a sensor.
[2 marks]
(a)(i) Apakah sudut pantulan?
(ii) Hitung sudut antara sinar pantulan dengan permukaan cermin.(i) What is the angle of reflection?
(ii) Calculate the angle between the reflected ray and the surface of the mirror.
(ii) Hitung sudut antara sinar pantulan dengan permukaan cermin.(i) What is the angle of reflection?
(ii) Calculate the angle between the reflected ray and the surface of the mirror.
Show answerHide answer
- (i) 35° (angle of reflection = angle of incidence)1
- (ii) 90° − 35° = 55°1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Dinding lif di bangunan itu dipasang dengan cermin satah supaya lif kelihatan luas. Nyatakan dua ciri imej yang terbentuk pada cermin satah.The walls of the lift in the building are fitted with plane mirrors to make the lift look spacious. State two characteristics of the image formed in a plane mirror.
Show answerHide answer
Any 2 points
- Upright1
- Laterally inverted1
- Same size as the object1
- Virtual1
- Image distance = object distance1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Cermin sisi kereta membolehkan pemandu melihat kawasan yang lebih luas di belakangnya. Namakan jenis cermin itu dan terangkan mengapa ia digunakan.The side mirror of a car lets the driver see a wider area behind. Name the type of mirror and explain why it is used.
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- Convex mirror1
- It gives a wider field of view (images are smaller), so the driver can see more vehicles behind / it improves safety1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Seorang budak di sebuah kondominium mendapati dasar kolam renang kelihatan lebih cetek daripada kedalaman sebenar. Terangkan mengapa.A child at a condominium finds that the bottom of the swimming pool looks shallower than it really is. Explain why.
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- Light from the bottom of the pool travels from water (denser medium) to air (less dense medium) and is refracted away from the normal1
- The eye traces the rays back in straight lines, so the image of the bottom appears higher / nearer the surface1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Pada waktu malam, sebuah kereta merah diletakkan di bawah lampu jalan yang memancarkan cahaya biru sahaja. Apakah warna kereta itu yang dilihat? Terangkan.At night a red car is parked under a street lamp that gives out only blue light. What colour does the car appear? Explain.
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- Black1
- A red object reflects only red light and absorbs other colours; it absorbs the blue light, so no light is reflected to the eye1
Tick each point you got.
30
Bandar Hijau semakin membangun. Hutan di kawasan bukit telah ditebang untuk membina jalan raya, tempat letak kereta dan bangunan. Jadual menunjukkan peratus kawasan hutan, dan Rajah 13 menunjukkan bilangan banjir kilat di Bandar Hijau dari tahun 2000 hingga 2020.Bandar Hijau is developing fast. Forest on the hills has been cleared to build roads, car parks and buildings. The table shows the percentage of forest cover, and Diagram 13 shows the number of flash floods in Bandar Hijau from 2000 to 2020.
| Tahun / Year | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kawasan hutan (%) / Forest cover (%) | 60 | 52 | 41 | 33 | 25 |
[1 mark]
(a)Berapakah pertambahan bilangan banjir kilat dari tahun 2000 hingga 2020?By how much did the number of flash floods increase from 2000 to 2020?
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- 15 − 2 = 131
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan hubungan antara peratus kawasan hutan dengan bilangan banjir kilat.State the relationship between the percentage of forest cover and the number of flash floods.
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- The smaller the forest cover, the more flash floods occur1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Terangkan mengapa menggantikan hutan dengan jalan raya dan bangunan boleh menyebabkan banjir kilat.Explain why replacing forest with roads and buildings can cause flash floods.
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Any 2 points
- Roads and buildings (concrete / tar) do not let rain water seep into the ground1
- More water flows on the surface into drains and rivers quickly, so they overflow1
- No trees / roots to absorb water and hold the soil, so soil erodes and blocks drains1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Sungai di Bandar Hijau ialah air permukaan. Nyatakan satu punca pencemaran air permukaan di kawasan bandar.The river in Bandar Hijau is surface water. State one cause of pollution of surface water in a city area.
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- Waste materials from industrial / housing areas (rubbish, sewage, oil) flowing into the river1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Cerun bukit yang telah ditebang juga berisiko mengalami tanah runtuh. Namakan satu alat yang boleh memberikan amaran awal tentang tanah runtuh dan nyatakan di mana alat itu diletakkan.The cleared hill slopes are also at risk of landslides. Name one device that can give an early warning of landslides and state where it is placed.
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- A landslide detector with an acoustic sensor1
- Placed on the slope of the hill1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(f)Sebuah syarikat pemaju ingin menebang baki hutan di atas bukit untuk membina kondominium. Adakah anda bersetuju? Wajarkan jawapan anda.A developer wants to clear the rest of the forest on the hill to build condominiums. Do you agree? Justify your answer.
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Any 2 points
- Do not agree1
- Flash floods will increase further because even less water can seep into the ground1
- Higher risk of landslides / soil erosion on the cleared slope, endangering residents1
- Loss of habitat for flora and fauna / more air pollution and global warming1
Tick each point you got.
[3 marks]
(g)Reka satu taman bandar yang dapat membantu mengurangkan banjir kilat di Bandar Hijau. Huraikan tiga ciri taman anda dan terangkan bagaimana setiap ciri membantu.Design a city park that can help to reduce flash floods in Bandar Hijau. Describe three features of your park and explain how each feature helps.
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Any 3 points
- A retention pond / lake to collect and store rain water so drains do not overflow1
- Many trees and grassy areas so that rain water can seep into the ground (underground water)1
- Paths made of porous / permeable paving or gravel instead of concrete, so water soaks in1
- Rain water harvesting tanks to collect water from roofs for watering plants1
- Plants on slopes / riverbanks to hold the soil and prevent erosion that blocks drains1
Tick each point you got.
31
Aiman ingin mengkaji keselamatan landasan menurun di tempat letak kereta sekolahnya. Dia menyiasat kesan tinggi landasan terhadap jarak yang dilalui oleh sebuah kereta mainan di atas lantai. Kereta mainan yang sama dilepaskan dari bahagian atas landasan setiap kali, dan jarak d diukur sehingga kereta itu berhenti. Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas dan Rajah 15 menunjukkan keputusannya.Aiman wants to study the safety of the down ramp in his school car park. He investigates the effect of the height of a ramp on the distance a toy car travels on the floor. The same toy car is released from the top of the ramp each time, and the distance d is measured until the car stops. Diagram 14 shows the set-up of the apparatus and Diagram 15 shows his results.
[3 marks]
(a)Nyatakan
(i) pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
(ii) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas,
(iii) satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State
(i) the manipulated variable,
(ii) the responding variable,
(iii) one constant variable.
(i) pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
(ii) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas,
(iii) satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State
(i) the manipulated variable,
(ii) the responding variable,
(iii) one constant variable.
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- (i) Height of the ramp1
- (ii) Distance travelled by the toy car on the floor1
- (iii) The same toy car / mass of the car / type of floor surface / length of the ramp1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.State one hypothesis for this experiment.
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- The higher the ramp, the longer the distance travelled by the toy car1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Berdasarkan Rajah 15, ramalkan jarak yang dilalui jika tinggi landasan ialah 35 cm.Based on Diagram 15, predict the distance travelled if the height of the ramp is 35 cm.
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- 147 cm (accept 145 cm to 150 cm read from the graph)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Berikan definisi secara operasi bagi jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta mainan.Give the operational definition of the distance travelled by the toy car.
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- The distance measured with a metre rule from the bottom of the ramp to where the car stops, which increases when the ramp is higher1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Aiman mengulang eksperimen di atas permaidani pada tinggi landasan 30 cm. Kereta itu berhenti selepas 70 cm sahaja. Nyatakan satu inferens.Aiman repeats the experiment on a carpet with the ramp at 30 cm. The car stops after only 70 cm. State one inference.
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- The rough carpet surface slows the car down more than the smooth floor / the type of surface affects the distance travelled1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(f)Rakan Aiman mencadangkan landasan setinggi 50 cm untuk tempat letak kereta kerana kereta bergerak paling jauh. Adakah anda bersetuju? Wajarkan jawapan anda.Aiman's friend suggests a 50 cm high ramp for the car park because cars travel the furthest. Do you agree? Justify your answer.
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Any 2 points
- Do not agree1
- A higher ramp makes cars move faster and travel further, so they are harder to stop and may hit pedestrians / pupils1
- A lower ramp (with a rough surface) is safer for a school car park1
Tick each point you got.
[3 marks]
(g)Reka satu cara untuk memastikan kereta yang menuruni landasan di tempat letak kereta berhenti dalam jarak yang lebih pendek. Huraikan bagaimana anda akan menguji reka bentuk anda dengan model kereta mainan.Design a way to make sure cars coming down the car-park ramp stop within a shorter distance. Describe how you would test your design using the toy car model.
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Any 3 points
- Design: cover the end of the ramp / floor with a rough surface (rubber mat, grooved concrete) or add speed bumps, or make the ramp lower1
- Test: keep the same ramp height and the same toy car, release it from the top each time (fair test)1
- Measure the distance d with a metre rule, repeat three times and take the average1
- Compare with the distance on the smooth floor; the design works if d is shorter1
Tick each point you got.
Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | marks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction to Scientific Investigation | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (9) | – | 1 (12) | – | 23 | |
| 2. Cell as the Basic Unit of Life | 2 (5) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| 3. Coordination and Response | 1 (1) | 1 (10) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| 4. Reproduction | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | – | – | 7 | |
| 5. Matter | 1 (1) | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| 6. Periodic Table | 1 (1) | 1 (8) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 10 | |
| 7. Air | 2 (5) | – | – | – | 1 (1) | – | 6 | |
| 8. Light and Optics | – | 2 (2) | – | 1 (10) | – | – | 12 | |
| 9. Earth | 1 (1) | – | 2 (5) | – | – | 1 (12) | 18 | |
| Total | 10 (16) | 9 (28) | 7 (20) | 2 (11) | 2 (13) | 1 (12) | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).