Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 1, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.You may use a scientific calculator.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
1
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol amaran pada sebotol racun perosak yang digunakan di sebuah kebun sayur. Apakah langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil oleh pekebun itu?Diagram 1 shows the hazard symbol on a bottle of pesticide used on a vegetable farm. Which precaution must the farmer take?
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B
The skull and crossbones is the poison (toxic) symbol: do not eat, drink, smell or taste it. A is the precaution for flammable substances, C for irritants and D for explosives.
2
Rajah 2 menunjukkan bacaan angkup vernier apabila Mei Ling mengukur diameter sebiji limau kasturi dari kebunnya. Apakah diameter limau kasturi itu?Diagram 2 shows the reading of a pair of vernier calipers when Mei Ling measures the diameter of a calamansi from her garden. What is the diameter of the calamansi?
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C
Main scale reading just before the vernier zero = 2.3 cm. Vernier line 6 lines up with a main-scale line: 6 × 0.01 = 0.06 cm. Reading = 2.3 + 0.06 = 2.36 cm.
3
Seketul getah asli dari sebuah ladang getah mempunyai jisim 46 g dan isi padu 50 cm³. Berapakah ketumpatan getah itu dan apakah yang berlaku apabila getah itu dimasukkan ke dalam air? (Ketumpatan air = 1.00 g cm⁻³)A block of natural rubber from a rubber plantation has a mass of 46 g and a volume of 50 cm³. What is the density of the rubber, and what happens when it is put into water? (Density of water = 1.00 g cm⁻³)
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A
Density = mass ÷ volume = 46 ÷ 50 = 0.92 g cm⁻³. This is less than the density of water (1.00 g cm⁻³), so the rubber floats. 1.09 comes from dividing volume by mass, which is wrong.
4
Struktur yang manakah terdapat dalam sel daun kelapa sawit tetapi tidak terdapat dalam sel pipi seekor lembu?Which structure is found in a leaf cell of an oil palm but not in a cheek cell of a cow?
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D
Chloroplasts (with the cell wall and the large vacuole) are found only in plant cells. The nucleus, cell membrane and mitochondria are found in both animal and plant cells.
5
Akar pokok padi mempunyai banyak sel rerambut akar yang panjang dan halus. Apakah kelebihan bentuk sel ini?The roots of a padi plant have many long and thin root hair cells. What is the advantage of this shape?
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B
Root hair cells are long and thin to increase the surface area for absorbing more water and nutrients from the soil (textbook Figure 2.12). Guard cells, not root hair cells, control the stoma.
6
Seorang penoreh getah mula bekerja pada awal pagi yang sangat sejuk. Antara berikut, yang manakah berlaku pada kulitnya untuk mengurangkan kehilangan haba?A rubber tapper starts work very early on a cold morning. Which of the following happens in his skin to reduce heat loss?
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D
When it is cold, blood vessels in the skin constrict so less blood flows near the surface, and the hairs stand erect to trap a layer of air, which is a heat insulator (textbook Figure 3.3).
7
Rajah 3 menunjukkan stoma pada daun pokok cili pada pukul 9.00 pagi dan pukul 1.00 tengah hari pada suatu hari yang sangat panas. Pernyataan yang manakah menerangkan perubahan ini?Diagram 3 shows a stoma on a leaf of a chilli plant at 9.00 a.m. and at 1.00 p.m. on a very hot day. Which statement explains the change?
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A
At 9.00 a.m. the stoma is open for gas exchange. At 1.00 p.m. the temperature is too high, so the guard cells close the stoma to reduce the water lost by transpiration (textbook Figure 3.6). A closed stoma takes in less carbon dioxide, not more.
8
Puan Zaiton sedang hamil. Doktor menasihatinya supaya makan lebih banyak hati, daging merah dan ikan untuk mencegah anemia. Nutrien apakah yang terdapat dalam makanan ini?Puan Zaiton is pregnant. Her doctor advises her to eat more liver, red meat and fish to prevent anaemia. Which nutrient do these foods provide?
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B
Iron (liver, red meat, fish) is needed to make haemoglobin and prevents anaemia (textbook Figure 4.21). Calcium is for bones, fibre prevents constipation and folic acid is for the development of the foetus's nervous system.
9
Pak Hamid memotong batang bawah tanah pokok halia kepada beberapa bahagian dan menanamnya di kebunnya. Pernyataan yang manakah betul tentang anak pokok halia yang tumbuh?Pak Hamid cuts the underground stem of a ginger plant into several pieces and plants them on his farm. Which statement about the new ginger plants is correct?
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A
Growing ginger from pieces of its underground stem is vegetative reproduction, a type of asexual reproduction. There is one parent and no gametes, so the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
10
Pak Din menyemai biji benih jagung di sebidang tanah yang ditenggelami air selama seminggu. Suhu di kawasan itu sesuai, tetapi biji benih itu tidak bercambah. Apakah keadaan yang tidak dipenuhi?Pak Din sows corn seeds in a plot of land that is flooded with water for a week. The temperature there is suitable, but the seeds do not germinate. Which condition is missing?
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C
Seeds need water, air and a suitable temperature to germinate. The flooded soil has plenty of water and the temperature is suitable, but the water cuts off the air (oxygen). Light and fertiliser are not needed for germination.
11
Pada awal pagi, titisan air terbentuk pada daun padi di sawah. Apakah proses yang menyebabkan titisan air ini terbentuk?Early in the morning, water droplets form on the leaves of padi plants in a field. Which process forms these droplets?
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B
Dew forms when water vapour in the cool morning air condenses into water droplets on the leaves (condensation: gas → liquid, heat released).
12
Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah air dalam satu lopak di jalan ladang sebelum dan selepas satu petang yang panas. Pernyataan yang manakah menerangkan perubahan ini?Diagram 4 shows the arrangement of water particles in a puddle on a farm road before and after a hot afternoon. Which statement explains the change?
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A
This is evaporation: particles at the surface of the liquid absorb heat from the surroundings, move faster and escape as gas, so they end up far apart. B describes condensation, C describes sublimation (there is no solid here), and D is wrong because no new particles are made: some particles have escaped into the air, so fewer are left in the puddle.
13
Baja yang digunakan di sebuah ladang mengandungi beberapa unsur. Antara unsur berikut, yang manakah logam?The fertiliser used on a farm contains several elements. Which of the following elements is a metal?
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C
Potassium (K) is on the left side of the Periodic Table, so it is a metal. Phosphorus, sulphur and carbon are on the right side and are non-metals (carbon conducts electricity, but it is still a non-metal).
14
Rajah 5 menunjukkan zarah-zarah dalam empat bahan, P, Q, R dan S. Antara berikut, yang manakah betul?Diagram 5 shows the particles in four substances, P, Q, R and S. Which of the following is correct?
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C
R has atoms of two different elements (X and Y) joined chemically, so it is a compound. S has particles of two different elements that are not joined to each other, so it is a mixture. P (single X atoms) and Q (molecules of Y only) each contain only one type of atom, so they are elements.
15
Selepas menuai, sesetengah petani membakar jerami padi secara terbuka. Apakah bahan pencemar udara yang terhasil daripada pembakaran terbuka?After harvesting, some farmers burn their padi straw in the open. Which air pollutants are released by open burning?
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A
Open burning, cigarettes and forest fires release dust, soot and smoke (textbook Figure 7.12). CFCs come from air-conditioners and aerosol sprays, radioactive materials from nuclear power plants, and asbestos from asbestos factories.
16
Semak samun kering berhampiran sebuah ladang terbakar. Pekerja ladang membersihkan rumput kering di hadapan api dan menggali parit supaya api tidak merebak ke ladang. Syarat pembakaran yang manakah telah dihapuskan?Dry bushes near a farm catch fire. The farm workers clear the dry grass in front of the fire and dig a trench so that the fire does not spread to the farm. Which condition for combustion has been removed?
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C
Clearing away the dry grass removes the unburnt material that the fire would burn next, so it removes the fuel (textbook p. 207: separating burning materials and moving unburnt materials away).
17
Sebuah cermin cembung dipasang di sebuah selekoh tajam di jalan ladang kelapa sawit. Mengapakah cermin cembung digunakan?A convex mirror is put up at a sharp bend on an oil palm plantation road. Why is a convex mirror used?
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D
A convex mirror bulges outwards and gives a wide view (with a smaller, upright, virtual image), so drivers can see vehicles coming round a dangerous bend. A concave mirror, not a convex one, gives a bigger image.
18
Pada waktu malam, Pak Mat menyuluh pokok cilinya dengan lampu suluh yang ditutup dengan penapis hijau. Pokok itu mempunyai buah cili merah yang masak dan daun hijau. Apakah warna buah cili dan daun yang dilihat oleh Pak Mat?At night, Pak Mat shines a torch covered with a green filter on his chilli plant. The plant has ripe red chillies and green leaves. What colours does Pak Mat see for the chillies and the leaves?
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B
A green (primary) filter lets only green light through. A red chilli reflects only red light and absorbs green, so it looks black. A green leaf reflects green light, so it still looks green.
19
Semasa menggali kolam ikan di ladangnya, Encik Rashid menjumpai sejenis batuan yang berlapis-lapis dan mengandungi fosil cengkerang. Apakah jenis batuan itu?While digging a fish pond on his farm, Encik Rashid finds a rock that has many layers and contains fossils of shells. What type of rock is it?
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D
Sedimentary rock forms from compressed layers of deposited material, so it has many layers and may contain fossils (textbook Table 9.1). Igneous rock forms from hot magma, so it has no fossils.
20
Selepas hujan lebat, tanah atas di sebuah ladang di lereng bukit yang telah dibersihkan dihanyutkan oleh air ke dalam sungai. Apakah proses ini?After heavy rain, the topsoil on a cleared hillside farm is washed away by running water into a river. What is this process?
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D
Erosion is the wearing away of the Earth's surface by moving agents such as water, wind and waves, so the soil is carried away. Weathering only breaks rock up where it is; mantle convection and plate tectonics are endogenic processes.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian soalan.Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer for each part of the question.
21
Pak Karim bekerja di kebun sayurnya di bawah cahaya matahari yang terik pada waktu petang. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap pernyataan.Pak Karim works on his vegetable farm under the hot afternoon sun. Choose the correct answer for each statement.
[1 mark]
(a)Salur darah di kulitnya __________.The blood vessels in his skin __________.
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dilate
On a hot day the blood vessels dilate so that more blood flows near the skin and more heat is lost.
[1 mark]
(b)Isi padu air kencing yang dihasilkannya __________.The amount of urine he produces __________.
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decreases
He loses a lot of water as sweat, so the brain stimulates the kidneys to produce less urine to keep his water content normal.
[1 mark]
(c)Organ yang mengesan kenaikan suhu badannya ialah __________.The organ that detects the rise in his body temperature is the __________.
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brain
The control centre in the brain detects the change and starts the corrective mechanism (textbook Figures 3.1 and 3.3: 'Detected by the brain').
[1 mark]
(d)Pokok cili di kebunnya kehilangan air dalam bentuk wap air melalui stoma. Proses ini dinamakan __________.The chilli plants on his farm lose water as water vapour through the stomata. This process is called __________.
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transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves through the stomata (textbook p. 80).
22
Rajah 6 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan jirim, P, Q, R dan S.Diagram 6 shows the changes in the state of matter, P, Q, R and S.
[1 mark]
(a)Petani menjemur padi yang basah di bawah cahaya matahari sehingga padi itu kering. Namakan proses yang berlaku pada air dalam padi itu.A farmer dries wet padi grains under the sun until they are dry. Name the process that happens to the water in the grains.
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Evaporation
The water in the grains changes from liquid to gas at the surface, below its boiling point: evaporation.
[1 mark]
(b)Ketulan ais yang digunakan untuk memastikan ikan dari kolam ternakan kekal segar bertukar menjadi air. Namakan proses ini.The ice blocks used to keep fish from a fish farm fresh turn into water. Name this process.
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Melting
Solid ice changes into liquid water: melting (arrow P).
[1 mark]
(c)Namakan proses S.Name process S.
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Freezing
S is liquid → solid, which is freezing (heat is released).
[1 mark]
(d)Semasa proses R, haba __________.During process R, heat is __________.
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released
R is condensation (gas → liquid). The particles lose energy, so heat is released.
23
Encik Rahman mengusahakan sebuah ladang kelapa sawit. Jawab soalan yang berikut.Encik Rahman runs an oil palm plantation. Answer the following questions.
[1 mark]
(a)Minyak diesel yang tertumpah di bangsal janakuasa ladang terbakar. Bahan manakah yang tidak boleh digunakan untuk memadamkan kebakaran ini?Diesel spilled in the plantation's generator shed catches fire. Which should not be used to put out this fire?
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Water
Diesel is a burning liquid (oil). Water is denser than oil, so it sinks below the oil and the oil keeps burning. Use foam, dry powder or carbon dioxide (textbook Table 7.1).
[1 mark]
(b)Seorang pekerja menutup api kecil pada longgokan pelepah kelapa sawit dengan karung basah. Syarat pembakaran yang manakah dihapuskan?A worker covers a small fire on a heap of oil palm fronds with a wet sack. Which condition for combustion is removed?
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Oxygen
Covering the fire (with a wet sack, a fire blanket, sand or soil) cuts the fuel off from the air, so oxygen is removed.
[1 mark]
(c)Pembakaran terbuka pelepah kelapa sawit membebaskan asap dan jelaga yang boleh menyebabkan jerebu.Open burning of oil palm fronds releases smoke and soot that can cause haze.
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True
Open burning releases smoke, soot and dust; smoke causes haze (textbook Figures 7.12 and 7.13).
[1 mark]
(d)Penyemburan racun perosak yang berlebihan di ladang tidak mencemarkan udara.Spraying too much pesticide on the plantation does not pollute the air.
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False
Agriculture and plantations are a source of air pollutants: pesticide sprays and chemical fertilisers (textbook Figure 7.12).
24
Sebuah kebun sayur terletak di lereng bukit yang curam di kawasan tanah tinggi. Selepas beberapa hari hujan lebat, tanah runtuh berlaku berhampiran kebun itu. Tandakan Benar atau Palsu, atau pilih perkataan yang betul.A vegetable farm is on a steep hill slope in a highland area. After several days of heavy rain, a landslide happens near the farm. Mark True or False, or choose the correct word.
[1 mark]
(a)Tanah runtuh ialah satu contoh geobencana.A landslide is an example of a geohazard.
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True
Geohazards include earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanism (textbook p. 265).
[1 mark]
(b)Pergerakan tanah dari atas cerun ke bawah akibat daya tarikan graviti ialah proses __________.The movement of soil down a slope because of gravity is an __________ process.
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exogenic
Mass and land depletion happens on the Earth's surface, so it is an exogenic process (textbook Figure 9.7).
[1 mark]
(c)Menebang semua pokok di lereng bukit itu akan mengurangkan risiko tanah runtuh.Cutting down all the trees on the hill slope will reduce the risk of landslides.
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False
Tree roots hold the soil. Unplanned deforestation causes erosion and makes landslides more likely (textbook p. 272).
[1 mark]
(d)Air hujan yang meresap ke dalam tanah dan memenuhi ruang antara butiran tanah dinamakan air __________.Rainwater that seeps into the ground and fills the spaces between soil particles is called __________ water.
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underground
Underground water (an aquifer) fills the spaces between soil particles and layers of permeable rock (textbook p. 270).
25
Rajah 7 menunjukkan sel daripada daun pokok kelapa sawit. Labelkan struktur P, Q dan R dengan perkataan yang diberikan.Diagram 7 shows a cell from a leaf of an oil palm. Label structures P, Q and R using the words given.
[1 mark]
(a)Struktur PStructure P
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Chloroplast
P is one of the green oval structures: a chloroplast.
[1 mark]
(b)Struktur QStructure Q
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Vacuole
Q is the large central vacuole filled with cell sap.
[1 mark]
(c)Struktur RStructure R
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Cell wall
R is the thick outer layer that gives the cell a fixed shape: the cell wall.
[1 mark]
(d)Struktur P menyerap tenaga cahaya untuk proses __________.Structure P absorbs light energy for __________.
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photosynthesis
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Cell respiration happens in the mitochondria.
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
26
Puan Aminah menanam pokok betik di kebunnya. Rajah 8 menunjukkan dua kuntum bunga betik, X dan Y.Puan Aminah grows papaya trees on her farm. Diagram 8 shows two papaya flowers, X and Y.
[1 mark]
(a)Bunga X dan bunga Y ialah bunga uniseks. Apakah maksud bunga uniseks?Flowers X and Y are unisexual flowers. What is meant by a unisexual flower?
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- A flower that has only stamens (male organ) or only a pistil (female organ), not both1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Namakan P dan nyatakan fungsinya.Name P and state its function.
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- P: anther1
- Produces pollen grains (which carry the male gametes)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Seekor lebah membawa butir debunga dari bunga X pada sebatang pokok betik ke Q pada bunga Y di pokok betik yang lain. Namakan jenis pendebungaan ini.A bee carries pollen grains from flower X on one papaya tree to Q on flower Y on another papaya tree. Name this type of pollination.
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- Cross-pollination1
Pollen goes to a flower on a different plant of the same species.
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Apakah yang akan terbentuk daripada R selepas persenyawaan?What will R develop into after fertilisation?
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- A fruit (the ovules inside become seeds)1
R is the ovary. After fertilisation the ovary becomes the fruit and the ovules become seeds.
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Salah sebatang pokok betik Puan Aminah berbunga setiap bulan tetapi tidak pernah berbuah. Semua bunganya seperti bunga X. Terangkan mengapa.One of Puan Aminah's papaya trees flowers every month but never bears fruit. All its flowers are like flower X. Explain why.
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- Flower X is a male flower: it has only stamens and no pistil / no ovary1
- There are no ovules to be fertilised, so no fruit (and no seeds) can form; only female flowers produce fruit1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Nyatakan satu kebaikan pendebungaan kacuk kepada petani.State one advantage of cross-pollination to farmers.
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Any 1 points
- Offspring inherit good characteristics from both parents1
- New (hybrid) varieties, e.g. Eksotika papaya or Tenera oil palm1
- Plants are more resistant to pests and diseases / adapt better to the environment1
- Good-quality seeds / higher yield1
Tick each point you got.
27
Pak Abu menggunakan sekeping cermin satah untuk memantulkan cahaya matahari ke dalam stor ladangnya yang gelap. Rajah 9 menunjukkan sinar cahaya matahari yang mengenai cermin itu di titik O. Sinar itu membuat sudut 50° dengan permukaan cermin.Pak Abu uses a plane mirror to reflect sunlight into the dark storeroom of his farm. Diagram 9 shows a ray of sunlight hitting the mirror at point O. The ray makes an angle of 50° with the surface of the mirror.
[1 mark]
(a)Berapakah sudut tuju, i?What is the angle of incidence, i?
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- i = 90° − 50° = 40°1
Angles are measured from the normal, not from the mirror.
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Berapakah sudut pantulan, r?What is the angle of reflection, r?
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- r = 40° (r = i)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Nyatakan Hukum Pantulan.State the Law of Reflection.
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- The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie on the same plane1
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (i = r)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Berapakah sudut di antara sinar pantulan dengan permukaan cermin?What is the angle between the reflected ray and the surface of the mirror?
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- 90° − 40° = 50°1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Selepas hujan, Pak Abu melihat pelangi di atas sawah padinya. Namakan fenomena cahaya ini dan terangkan bagaimana pelangi terbentuk.After the rain, Pak Abu sees a rainbow over his padi field. Name this phenomenon of light and explain how the rainbow is formed.
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- Dispersion of light1
- Sunlight (white light) entering the raindrops is refracted and split into seven colours / a spectrum1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Pada waktu senja, langit di atas sawah itu kelihatan kemerahan. Namakan fenomena cahaya yang menyebabkannya.At sunset, the sky over the field looks reddish. Name the phenomenon of light that causes this.
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- Scattering of light (blue light is scattered away; red and orange light reach our eyes)1
Tick each point you got.
28
Amir menggunakan lastik yang diisi dengan bebola kertas untuk menghalau burung dari sawah padi ayahnya. Dia menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara panjang regangan getah lastik dengan jarak yang dilalui oleh bebola kertas. Bagi setiap panjang regangan, bebola kertas yang sama dilepaskan sebanyak tiga kali dan purata jarak dikira. Rajah 10 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.Amir uses a catapult loaded with paper balls to scare birds away from his father's padi field. He carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the stretch of the catapult's rubber band and the distance travelled by the paper ball. For each stretch, the same paper ball is released three times and the average distance is calculated. Diagram 10 shows the results.
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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- The stretch (length stretched) of the rubber band1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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- The distance travelled by the paper ball1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State one constant variable.
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Any 1 points
- Mass / size of the paper ball1
- The same catapult / type of rubber band1
- Height or angle at which the ball is released1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.State a hypothesis for this experiment.
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- The longer the stretch of the rubber band, the longer (further) the distance travelled by the paper ball1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Berdasarkan Rajah 10, nyatakan hubungan antara panjang regangan getah dengan jarak yang dilalui oleh bebola kertas.Based on Diagram 10, state the relationship between the stretch of the rubber band and the distance travelled by the paper ball.
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- The distance increases as the stretch increases / distance is directly proportional to the stretch (every 5 cm more stretch adds 1.5 m)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Ramalkan jarak yang dilalui oleh bebola kertas jika getah diregangkan sejauh 25 cm.Predict the distance travelled by the paper ball if the rubber band is stretched by 25 cm.
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- 7.5 m (accept 7.4 m to 7.6 m)1
The distance goes up by 1.5 m for every 5 cm: 6.0 + 1.5 = 7.5 m (0.3 m per cm × 25 cm).
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(g)Berikan definisi secara operasi bagi jarak yang dilalui oleh bebola kertas.Give an operational definition of the distance travelled by the paper ball.
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- The distance from the catapult to the place where the paper ball first lands, measured with a measuring tape1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(h)Namakan satu alat pengukur yang sesuai untuk mengukur jarak itu.Name a suitable measuring instrument to measure the distance.
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- Measuring tape1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(i)Mengapakah Amir melepaskan bebola kertas sebanyak tiga kali bagi setiap regangan dan mengira puratanya?Why does Amir release the paper ball three times for each stretch and calculate the average?
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- To reduce random errors / to get a more accurate (reliable) result1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(j)Nyatakan satu langkah keselamatan yang perlu diambil oleh Amir semasa menjalankan eksperimen ini.State one safety precaution Amir must take while carrying out this experiment.
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Any 1 points
- Do not aim the catapult at people or animals1
- Make sure nobody is standing in front of the catapult / in the landing area1
- Use soft paper balls, not stones1
Tick each point you got.
29
Encik Lim mengusahakan sebuah ladang sayur. Dia perlu mengasingkan beberapa campuran di ladangnya. Rajah 11 menunjukkan radas yang digunakannya untuk mengasingkan minyak diesel yang tertumpah ke dalam sebaldi air.Encik Lim runs a vegetable farm. He needs to separate several mixtures on his farm. Diagram 11 shows the apparatus he uses to separate some diesel that spilled into a pail of water.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan kaedah yang paling sesuai untuk mengasingkan paku besi daripada habuk kayu di bengkel ladang.Name the most suitable method to separate iron nails from sawdust in the farm workshop.
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- Using a magnet (iron is magnetic; sawdust is not)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Namakan satu kaedah untuk mengasingkan pasir dan lumpur daripada air parit pengairan.Name one method to separate sand and mud from the water of an irrigation canal.
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- Filtration / sedimentation1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Encik Lim ingin mengetahui sama ada sirap merah yang dijual di gerai ladangnya mengandungi pewarna yang diharamkan. Namakan kaedah yang boleh digunakan.Encik Lim wants to find out whether a red syrup sold at his farm stall contains a banned colouring. Name the method that can be used.
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- Chromatography1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Merujuk kepada Rajah 11, namakan radas X.Refer to Diagram 11. Name apparatus X.
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- Separating funnel1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Diesel membentuk lapisan P. Terangkan mengapa.The diesel forms layer P. Explain why.
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- Diesel is less dense than water, so it floats on top of the water1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Terangkan bagaimana Encik Lim boleh mendapatkan air sahaja daripada radas itu.Explain how Encik Lim can collect only the water from the apparatus.
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- Open the tap to let the water (layer Q) flow into the beaker, and close it before the diesel reaches the tap1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(g)Cangkul Encik Lim diperbuat daripada besi. Nyatakan dua ciri besi yang menjadikannya sesuai untuk membuat cangkul.Encik Lim's hoe is made of iron. State two properties of iron that make it suitable for making a hoe.
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Any 2 points
- Strong / high tensile strength1
- Malleable (can be hammered into shape)1
- Hard / does not break or bend easily1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(h)Cangkul itu berkarat selepas ditinggalkan di dalam hujan. Adakah pengaratan suatu perubahan fizik atau perubahan kimia? Berikan satu sebab.The hoe rusts after it is left out in the rain. Is rusting a physical change or a chemical change? Give one reason.
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- Chemical change1
- A new substance (rust) is formed, with properties different from iron1
Tick each point you got.
30
Puan Siti menanam bayam di dalam pasu. Dia ingin mengetahui sama ada air diperlukan untuk fotosintesis. Dua pokok bayam yang sama di dalam pasu P dan pasu Q diletakkan di tempat gelap selama dua hari. Kemudian, kedua-dua pasu diletakkan di bawah cahaya matahari seperti dalam Rajah 12. Selepas seminggu, sehelai daun daripada setiap pokok diuji dengan larutan iodin.Puan Siti grows spinach in pots. She wants to find out whether water is needed for photosynthesis. Two similar spinach plants in pots P and Q were kept in a dark place for two days. Then both pots were placed under sunlight as in Diagram 12. After one week, a leaf from each plant was tested with iodine solution.
[1 mark]
(a)Mengapakah kedua-dua pokok itu diletakkan di tempat gelap selama dua hari sebelum eksperimen?Why were both plants kept in a dark place for two days before the experiment?
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- To remove the starch already in the leaves (destarch), so any starch found was made during the experiment1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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- The presence of water (watering)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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- The colour change of the iodine solution (presence of starch)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.State a hypothesis for this experiment.
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- Plants need water for photosynthesis / a plant that is watered produces starch, a plant that is not watered does not1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(e)Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan ujian kanji. Nyatakan kesimpulan eksperimen ini.
The table shows the results of the starch test. State the conclusion of this experiment.
| Daun / Leaf | Warna larutan iodin / Colour of iodine solution |
|---|---|
| Pasu P / Pot P | Biru tua / Dark blue |
| Pasu Q / Pot Q | Kekal perang / Remains brown |
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- Water is needed for photosynthesis; the hypothesis is accepted (only the watered plant P made starch)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Semasa ujian kanji, daun direndam dalam etanol di dalam tabung didih yang diletakkan dalam bikar berisi air panas. Mengapakah etanol tidak boleh dipanaskan terus di atas nyalaan penunu Bunsen?During the starch test, the leaf is put in ethanol in a boiling tube that stands in a beaker of hot water. Why must the ethanol not be heated directly over a Bunsen burner flame?
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- Ethanol is flammable / catches fire easily1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(g)Tuliskan persamaan perkataan bagi fotosintesis.Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
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- Reactants: carbon dioxide + water1
- Products: glucose + oxygen (with light energy and chlorophyll written over the arrow)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(h)Pada musim kemarau, jiran Puan Siti mencadangkan supaya dia menyiram bayamnya seminggu sekali sahaja untuk menjimatkan air. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nilaikan cadangan itu.During a dry season, Puan Siti's neighbour suggests that she waters her spinach only once a week to save water. Based on this experiment, evaluate the suggestion.
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Any 2 points
- Not a good suggestion (judgement)1
- Without enough water the plants carry out less photosynthesis / make less food (starch), so they grow slowly or wilt1
- Better: water a little every day, in the evening, or use collected rainwater / mulch to keep the soil moist (saves water and keeps the plants healthy)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(i)Puan Siti juga memelihara ayam berhampiran kebun bayamnya. Terangkan bagaimana fotosintesis oleh bayam dan respirasi sel oleh ayam saling melengkapi.Puan Siti also keeps chickens near her spinach plot. Explain how photosynthesis by the spinach and cell respiration by the chickens complement each other.
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- The spinach gives out oxygen (and makes glucose) in photosynthesis, which the chickens use in cell respiration1
- The chickens give out carbon dioxide (and water) in cell respiration, which the spinach uses in photosynthesis1
Tick each point you got.
31
Pada musim kemarau, sesetengah petani di sekitar sebuah pekan melakukan pembakaran terbuka untuk membersihkan ladang mereka. Rajah 13 menunjukkan Indeks Pencemaran Udara (IPU) yang direkodkan di pekan itu dari hari Isnin hingga Jumaat. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tahap pencemaran udara.
During the dry season, some farmers around a town carry out open burning to clear their land. Diagram 13 shows the Air Pollutant Index (API) recorded in the town from Monday to Friday. The table shows the levels of air pollution.
| IPU / API | Tahap / Level |
|---|---|
| 0 – 50 | Baik / Good |
| 51 – 100 | Sederhana / Moderate |
| 101 – 200 | Tidak sihat / Unhealthy |
| 201 – 300 | Sangat tidak sihat / Very unhealthy |
| > 300 | Berbahaya / Hazardous |
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan tahap pencemaran udara pada hari Rabu.State the level of air pollution on Wednesday.
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- Unhealthy (API 148 is between 101 and 200)1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Pada hari manakah tahap pencemaran udara sangat tidak sihat?On which day was the air pollution level very unhealthy?
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- Thursday (API 236)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Namakan dua bahan pencemar udara yang dibebaskan oleh pembakaran terbuka.Name two air pollutants released by open burning.
Show answerHide answer
Any 2 points
- Smoke1
- Soot1
- Dust1
- Carbon dioxide (also accepted)1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Petani mendapati tanaman mereka tumbuh dengan lebih perlahan semasa jerebu. Terangkan mengapa.The farmers notice that their crops grow more slowly during the haze. Explain why.
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- Smoke and haze block (reduce) the sunlight reaching the crops1
- So the rate of photosynthesis is lower and less food (glucose) is made for growth1
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Terangkan bagaimana pembakaran terbuka boleh mengganggu kitar karbon dan menyebabkan suhu Bumi meningkat.Explain how open burning can disturb the carbon cycle and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.
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- Burning releases a lot of carbon dioxide, and the burnt plants can no longer take in carbon dioxide by photosynthesis1
- Excess carbon dioxide causes the greenhouse effect / global warming1
Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Api daripada pembakaran terbuka merebak ke semak kering. Ahli bomba menyembur air ke atas api itu. Terangkan bagaimana tindakan ini memadamkan api.Fire from the open burning spreads to dry bushes. Firefighters spray water on the fire. Explain how this puts out the fire.
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- Water cools the burning material and removes the heat, so the fire goes out1
Tick each point you got.
[3 marks]
(g)Reka satu cara yang lebih baik untuk petani menguruskan pelepah kelapa sawit dan jerami padi tanpa pembakaran terbuka. Terangkan bagaimana cadangan anda dapat mengurangkan pencemaran udara.Design a better way for the farmers to deal with their oil palm fronds and padi straw without open burning. Explain how your idea reduces air pollution.
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Any 3 points
- Idea: e.g. pile the fronds between the rows / chop the straw and let it rot into compost (organic fertiliser) or mulch1
- Other ideas: use the straw as animal feed or to grow mushrooms; process the waste into biomass fuel or biochar in a closed factory with chimney filters1
- How it works: the waste is broken down by bacteria and fungi (or used up) instead of being burnt1
- Why it helps: no smoke, soot or dust is released, so there is less haze and the API stays low1
- Extra benefit: nutrients return to the soil, so less chemical fertiliser is needed1
Tick each point you got.
Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | marks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction to Scientific Investigation | 1 (1) | – | 3 (12) | – | – | – | 13 | |
| 2. Cell as the Basic Unit of Life | 2 (5) | 1 (1) | – | – | 1 (12) | – | 18 | |
| 3. Coordination and Response | – | 2 (5) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 6 | |
| 4. Reproduction | – | 3 (10) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 11 | |
| 5. Matter | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 6 | |
| 6. Periodic Table | 1 (1) | – | 1 (10) | 1 (1) | – | – | 12 | |
| 7. Air | 1 (1) | – | 2 (5) | – | – | 1 (12) | 18 | |
| 8. Light and Optics | – | 1 (1) | 2 (9) | – | – | – | 10 | |
| 9. Earth | 1 (1) | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| Total | 7 (10) | 10 (26) | 9 (37) | 3 (3) | 1 (12) | 1 (12) | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).